WASHINGTON — A federal judge on Monday ordered the immediate release of a set of court records that former President Donald Trump had sought to keep sealed, delivering a pointed rebuke to arguments that disclosure would unfairly harm him or interfere with ongoing investigations.

Reading the ruling aloud in open court, Maryanne Keller said the balance tipped decisively in favor of transparency, emphasizing the public’s right to understand matters involving powerful public officials. The decision forced into view documents that include transcripts of private meetings, financial materials and internal communications — records Mr. Trump’s lawyers had argued should remain confidential.

The order marks the latest setback for a legal strategy that has relied heavily on delay, sealing requests and assertions of privilege to limit public access to information as multiple investigations continue to examine Mr. Trump’s conduct before and after the 2020 election.

In rejecting the request to keep the materials under seal, Judge Keller dismissed claims that disclosure would prejudice Mr. Trump or compromise parallel inquiries. Courts, she said, do not permit secrecy to serve as a “default shield” for politically sensitive evidence, particularly when the materials bear on questions of public accountability.

The manner of the ruling was as notable as its substance. Judges often resolve sealing disputes through written orders, allowing parties to review the reasoning privately. By delivering her explanation aloud, Judge Keller ensured that the court’s rationale — and its rejection of Mr. Trump’s arguments — was immediately public.

Legal experts said the decision reflects a broader judicial trend in cases involving the former president. “Courts have repeatedly signaled that claims of confidentiality or privilege cannot be used indefinitely to keep relevant records from public view,” said a former federal prosecutor. “When the public interest is strong, secrecy gives way.”

The newly unsealed materials span several categories. According to court descriptions, they include transcripts from meetings previously shielded from disclosure, financial records tracing transactions and internal messages that shed light on decision-making within Mr. Trump’s circle. While the contents have not yet been fully analyzed, lawyers and investigators are expected to scrutinize them closely in the weeks ahead.

Some of the documents, court filings indicate, relate to events surrounding Jan. 6, 2021, including discussions of security preparations and post-attack responses. Others may intersect with financial and obstruction-related inquiries. Prosecutors and congressional investigators have long argued that such records could clarify what Mr. Trump and his advisers knew, and when.

Mr. Trump’s legal team had argued that releasing the materials risked unfair prejudice, contending that public exposure could influence potential jurors or complicate future proceedings. Judge Keller rejected that contention, noting that courts have tools to protect fair trials without resorting to blanket secrecy and that speculative harms did not outweigh the public’s interest in disclosure.

The ruling also dismissed arguments that unsealing would jeopardize ongoing investigations. While courts sometimes defer disclosure to avoid compromising sensitive inquiries, Judge Keller found that the government had not shown that release here would cause such harm.

For Mr. Trump, the decision represents more than an isolated courtroom loss. It punctures a central element of his legal approach: controlling the flow of information. Over the past several years, he has repeatedly sought to keep records hidden through claims of executive privilege, attorney-client privilege and investigative sensitivity. In case after case — from congressional subpoenas to court-ordered disclosures — judges have narrowed or rejected those claims.

The immediate consequence of the ruling is likely to be a surge of scrutiny. Journalists, congressional staff and legal analysts are expected to comb through the documents for details that could inform existing cases or spark new lines of inquiry. Each disclosure, experts say, carries the potential to generate further investigative activity.

“This is not a one-day story,” said a constitutional law scholar. “Once documents like this are public, they become part of the evidentiary ecosystem. They get cited, compared and built upon.”

The timing could also carry political ramifications. With the 2026 midterm elections on the horizon, any revelations emerging from the unsealed records could reverberate through campaigns and hearings alike. Lawmakers pressing for accountability have already signaled interest in examining the materials.

Mr. Trump has denied wrongdoing in matters related to Jan. 6 and other investigations, portraying them as politically motivated. His allies argue that repeated disclosures amount to unfair targeting. But the judge’s ruling underscores a reality he has faced repeatedly in court: legal processes operate independently of political narratives.

By ordering the documents released immediately — and by explaining her reasoning publicly — Judge Keller sent a clear message. Efforts to bury potentially damaging information through procedural maneuvers may delay exposure, but they do not prevent it. In the end, the court said, transparency prevails.

As the records enter the public domain, their contents are likely to shape legal and political debates for months to come, ensuring that a ruling intended to resolve a sealing dispute may instead open a new chapter in the scrutiny of a former president who has spent years trying to keep key details out of view.